The difference between musical copyright infringement and “sampling.”

Discuss the difference between musical copyright infringement and “sampling.” Additionally, research the case between Marvin Gaye’s Estate, Robin Thicke, and Pharrell Williams, concerning the song “Blurred Lines” and discuss the court’s holding. Since the case was appealed to the 9th circuit, please include the arguments raised on appeal as well. In addition, include an example of a sampled song. Why was that sampled song not subject to litigation like “Blurred Lines?”