Geology

Geology

Term Project 2 (25%)
Objectives and Format
The objectives of this second term project are to summarize and discuss the natural geohazards that are or may be encountered in a major city in western Canada. The cities from which you can choose are as follows (chose only one!): Winnipeg, Saskatoon, Calgary, Edmonton, Vancouver. You should consider the greater urban area for the city that you choose. For example, if you choose Vancouver, do not necessarily restrict your discussion just to the formal city of Vancouver but be sure to include the surrounding municipalities (e.g., West Vancouver, North Vancouver, Burnaby, Richmond, etc.) If you would like to choose a city that is not on this list, please contact your instructor BEFORE you undertake the research for this project. Importantly, because GEOL 1410 is a course in geological sciences, it is expected that the major focus of your paper will be on geological natural hazards.

You may organize your material in whatever manner is appropriate for the urban area and geohazards you are discussing. The following points may help you compose an organized and complete overview (not necessarily in any order and do not necessarily limit your comments to just these points): Setting (geological, hydrological, climatic, geographic, etc.); magnitude and frequency of events; predictability; probability and potential for future events; processes, causes and linkages among multiple hazards; short and long term mitigation techniques and efforts; economic and social impacts; role of government in prediction, mitigation and remediation. However, do not take this as a check-list of topics to be covered. The urban area that you choose may require other specific topics that are not included in this list.

Written Term Projects
GEOL 1410 Natural Disasters and Global Change is designed to fulfill the University’s “written English”(W)
requirement through the submission and evaluation of two significant written assignments or term projects. Each
of these projects is worth 25% of your total mark; each will be evaluated and graded on the following criteria and weighting:
i. Annotated bibliography (30%). An annotated bibliography is an alphabetical listing of sources that are important or critical for your research project and that you will likely be using in your paper. Each reference item must be listed in the required reference citation format and includes a short paragraph or several sentences (“annotation”) that describe the usefulness of the reference, its contribution and/or importance. The required citation format is outlined below. Be sure to follow this format. Importantly, one of the main objectives of preparing an annotated bibliography is to demonstrate that you have done the required research on your project topic. As such, it should be as complete as possible. Indeed, often the annotated bibliography list will be longer than the reference list that is actually submitted as part of your paper. The annotated bibliography must be on the topic of your paper.
The University has an exceptional Library system with a large number of quality peer-reviewed scientific journals available both in-house and on-line. Use of non-refereed, non-reviewed sources (including most ‘encyclopedias’) is generally not acceptable in scientific writing at the university level. In particular, use of newspapers and non-refereed on-line sources such as ask.com, about.com, Wikipedia, etc. is not permitted for these projects.

For the citation format: Here are the examples that you can follow:
Referencing Citation and Reference Style
The required reference style should be that of the journal Sedimentary Geology. You should consult a recent issue of this journal (available through the University Library). Briefly, this reference style is as follows (taken from Sedimentary Geology Guide for Authors):
Reference style
1. All references cited in the text are to be listed in a separate section at the end of the paper. The manuscript should be carefully checked to ensure that the spellings of authors’ names and publication years are exactly the same in the text as in the reference list. Do not type author’s and editor’s names in capitals.
2. In the text refer to the author’s name (without initials) and year of publication, followed – if necessary – by a short reference to appropriate pages. Examples: “Because Peterson (1994) has shown that…”. “This is in agreement with results obtained later (Kramer, 1996, pp. 12-16)”
3. If reference is made in the text to publications written by more than two authors the name of the first author should be used, followed by “et al.”. This indication, however, should never be used in the list of references. In this list names of authors and all co-authors must be given in full.
4. References in the text should be arranged chronologically. The list of references should be arranged alphabetically by authors’ names, and chronologically per author. If an author’s name in the list is also mentioned with co-authors, the following order should be used: Publications of the single author, arranged according to publication year – publications of the same author with one co-author, arranged according to publication year – publications of the author with more than one co-author, arranged according to publication year.
The following system should be used for arranging references:
a. Journal papers: Names and initials of all authors, year. Title of paper. Journal name given in full, volume number (issue number): first and last page numbers of the paper.

Example:
Elbaz-Poulichet, F., Guan, D.M., Martin, J.M., 1991. Trace metal behaviour in a highly stratified Mediterranean estuary: the Krka (Yugoslavia). Marine Chemistry 32, 211-224.

b. Monographs: Names and initials of all authors, year. Title of the monograph.Publisher, location of publisher.

Example:
Zhdanov, M.S., Keller, G.V., 1994. The Geoelectrical Methods in Geophysical Exploration. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

c. Edited volume papers: Names and initials of all authors, year. Title of paper. Names and initials of the volume editors, title of the edited volume. Publisher, location of publisher, first and last page numbers of the paper.

Example:
Thomas, E., 1992. Middle Eocene-late Oligocene bathyal benthic foraminifera (Weddell Sea): faunal changes and implications for ocean circulation. In: Prothero, D.R., Berggren, W.A. (Eds.), Eocene-Oligocene Climatic and Biotic Evolution. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, pp. 245-271.

d. Conference proceedings papers: Names and initials of all authors, year. Title of paper.Name of the conference.Publisher, location of publisher, first and last page numbers of the paper.

Example:
Smith, M.W., 1988. The significance of climatic change for the permafrost environment.Final Proc. Int. Conf. Permafrost. Tapir, Trondheim, Norway, pp. 18-23.

e. Unpublished theses, reports, etc.: Names and initials of all authors, year. Title of item. All other relevant information needed to identify the item (e.g., technical report, Ph.D. thesis, institute, etc.).

Example:
Moustakas, N., 1990. Relationships of morphological and physicochemical properties of Vertisols under Greek climate conditions.Ph.D. Thesis, Agricultural Univ. Athens, Greece.

5. In the case of publications in any language other than English, the original title is to be retained. Titles of publications in non-Latin alphabets should be transliterated, and a note such as ‘(in Russian)’ or ‘(in Japanese, with English Abstr.)’ should be added at the end of the reference.
Although use of non-refereed online sources is strongly discouraged for these projects, there are some instances in which citing a web page are appropriate (e.g., most USGS web pages). These should be cited in your references list as follows:

Name and initials of author(s), year (or n.d. if no date is available). Title of article. Title of web site or page.Retrieved date.From URL.

Example:
Landsberger, J. n.d. Citing Websites. Study Guides and Strategies.

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Compelling correspondence is essential to the achievement all things considered but since of the changing idea of the present working environments, successful correspondence turns out to be more troublesome, and because of the numerous impediments that will permit beneficiaries to acknowledge the plan of the sender It is restricted. Misguided judgments.In spite of the fact that correspondence inside the association is rarely completely open, numerous straightforward arrangements can be executed to advance the effect of these hindrances.

Concerning specific contextual analysis, two significant correspondence standards, correspondence channel determination and commotion are self-evident. This course presents the standards of correspondence, the act of general correspondence, and different speculations to all the more likely comprehend the correspondence exchanges experienced in regular daily existence. The standards and practices that you learn in this course give the premise to additionally learning and correspondence.

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This course starts with an outline of the correspondence cycle, the method of reasoning and hypothesis. In resulting modules of the course, we will look at explicit use of relational connections in close to home and expert life. These incorporate relational correspondence, bunch correspondence and dynamic, authoritative correspondence in the work environment or relational correspondence. Rule of Business Communication In request to make correspondence viable, it is important to follow a few rules and standards. Seven of them are fundamental and applicable, and these are clear, finished, brief, obliging, right, thought to be, concrete. These standards are frequently called 7C for business correspondence. The subtleties of these correspondence standards are examined underneath: Politeness Principle: When conveying, we should build up a cordial relationship with every individual who sends data to us.

To be inviting and polite is indistinguishable, and politeness requires an insightful and amicable activity against others. Axioms are notable that gracious “pay of graciousness is the main thing to win everything”. Correspondence staff ought to consistently remember this. The accompanying standards may assist with improving courtesy:Preliminary considering correspondence with family All glad families have the mystery of progress. This achievement originates from a strong establishment of closeness and closeness. Indeed, through private correspondence these cozy family connections become all the more intently. Correspondence is the foundation of different affiliations, building solid partners of obedient devotion, improving family way of life, and assisting with accomplishing satisfaction (Gosche, p. 1). In any case, so as to keep up an amicable relationship, a few families experienced tumultuous encounters. Correspondence in the family is an intricate and alluring marvel. Correspondence between families isn’t restricted to single messages between families or verbal correspondence.

It is a unique cycle that oversees force, closeness and limits, cohesiveness and flexibility of route frameworks, and makes pictures, topics, stories, ceremonies, rules, jobs, making implications, making a feeling of family life An intelligent cycle that makes a model. This model has passed ages. Notwithstanding the view as a family and family automatic framework, one of the greatest exploration establishments in between family correspondence centers around a family correspondence model. Family correspondence model (FCP) hypothesis clarifies why families impart in their own specific manner dependent on one another ‘s psychological direction. Early FCP research established in media research is keen on how families handle broad communications data. Family correspondence was perceived as an exceptional scholastic exploration field by the National Communications Association in 1989. Family correspondence researchers were at first impacted by family research, social brain science, and relational hypothesis, before long built up the hypothesis and began research in a family framework zeroed in on a significant job. Until 2001, the primary issue of the Family Communication Research Journal, Family Communication Magazine, was given. Family correspondence is more than the field of correspondence analysts in the family. Examination on family correspondence is normally done by individuals in brain science, humanism, and family research, to give some examples models. However, as the popular family correspondence researcher Leslie Baxter stated, it is the focal point of this intelligent semantic creation measure making the grant of family correspondence special. In the field of in-home correspondence, correspondence is normally not founded on autonomous messages from one sender to one beneficiary, yet dependent on the dynamic interdependency of data shared among families It is conceptualized. The focal point of this methodology is on the shared trait of semantic development inside family frameworks. As such, producing doesn’t happen in vacuum, however it happens in a wide scope of ages and social exchange.

Standards are rules end up being followed when performing work to agree to a given objective. Hierarchical achievement relies significantly upon compelling correspondence. So as to successfully impart, it is important to follow a few standards and rules. Coming up next are rules to guarantee powerful correspondence: clearness: lucidity of data is a significant guideline of correspondence. For beneficiaries to know the message plainly, the messages ought to be sorted out in a basic language. To guarantee that beneficiaries can without much of a stretch comprehend the importance of the message, the sender needs to impart unmistakably and unhesitatingly so the beneficiary can plainly and unquestionably comprehend the data.>

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