Evidence in Public Health Nutrition
1. Briefly describe the major types of measurement errors associated with dietary assessment and how to reduce them. What would be their impact in studies assessing the relationship between diet and disease? Finally, describe two biochemical markers that are known as the “gold standard” to measure the relative validity of dietary assessment
2. Fortification of flour with folic acid is mandatory in Australia. However, mandatory fortification remains controversial. Write two arguments, one against and another in favour of folate fortification of foods. How would you monitor folate fortification programs?
3. The WHO Child Growth Standards describe how all children should grow, and is currently used in more than 100 countries around the world. What are some strengths and limitations of the WHO Child Growth Standards? (WORD LIMIT: 300 words) [4 marks]http://www.who.int/childgrowth/standards/en/
4. The National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011/12 (as part of the Australian Health Survey) assessed food security by asking two questions:
In the past 12 months was there any time when you ran out of food and couldn’t afford to buy more?
When this happened, did you go without food?
Why is it important to monitor food security in Australia? What are the strengths and limitations of these indicators? Comment on the validity and sensitivity of those questions for identifying food insecurity in Australia.
5. Briefly describe the recommendations given by Gibson to estimate the population percentage “at risk” of inadequate nutrient intake. What is the reasoning behind these recommendations? Were these recommendations followed in the design of the Australian National Nutrition Survey 2011/12? (WORD LIMIT: 300 words) [4 marks]
6. George et al (2012) evaluated the prevalence of iron deficiency in young Cambodian children. What laboratory assays were used to determine the iron status of the children? Which assays would be the best to assess the iron status of this population? Justify your answer. What other factors must be taken into account when assessing iron status of a population? (WORD LIMIT: 300 words)[4 marks]
George et al (2012). Genetic hemoglobin disorders, infection, and deficiencies or iron and vitamin A determine anemia in young Cambodian children. J. Nutr 142(4): 781-787.
7. In the study by Jensen et al (2008), the authors conclude, “adherence to a healthy diet was associated with a lower risk of ACS (acute cardiovascular disease)”. Briefly discuss the validity of the Mediterranean Diet Score used by Jensen et al (2008) to estimate the adherence to a heart healthy diet by the sampled population. Do you agree with the authors’ conclusion? Briefly justify your answer.(WORD LIMIT: 300 words)[4 marks]
Jensen M.K. et al (2008). Obesity, behavioural lifestyle factors, and risk of acute coronary events.Circulation 117: 3062 – 3069.
8. Briefly explain why the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) is inappropriate to assess the nutrient adequacy of groups. What would be a better approach?
9. Refer to the following article:
Jeffery, R. W., Linde, J. A., Simon, G. E., Ludman, E. J., Rhode, P., Ichikawa, L. E. and E. A. Finch (2009). Reported food choices in older women in relation to body mass index anddepressive symptoms. Appetite 52: 238-240.
(This article is available via the Assessment tab).
• What is the research question?
• What is the study design?
• How was the exposure measured? (Do not include any psychological measurements). Briefly discuss the validity of the measures used to collect the data.
• Did the authors consider any potential confounders that might have influenced the final result? [1 mark]
• Do you agree with the authors’ conclusion?
Compelling correspondence is essential to the achievement all things considered but since of the changing idea of the present working environments, successful correspondence turns out to be more troublesome, and because of the numerous impediments that will permit beneficiaries to acknowledge the plan of the sender It is restricted. Misguided judgments.In spite of the fact that correspondence inside the association is rarely completely open, numerous straightforward arrangements can be executed to advance the effect of these hindrances.
Concerning specific contextual analysis, two significant correspondence standards, correspondence channel determination and commotion are self-evident. This course presents the standards of correspondence, the act of general correspondence, and different speculations to all the more likely comprehend the correspondence exchanges experienced in regular daily existence. The standards and practices that you learn in this course give the premise to additionally learning and correspondence.
This course starts with an outline of the correspondence cycle, the method of reasoning and hypothesis. In resulting modules of the course, we will look at explicit use of relational connections in close to home and expert life. These incorporate relational correspondence, bunch correspondence and dynamic, authoritative correspondence in the work environment or relational correspondence. Rule of Business Communication In request to make correspondence viable, it is important to follow a few rules and standards. Seven of them are fundamental and applicable, and these are clear, finished, brief, obliging, right, thought to be, concrete. These standards are frequently called 7C for business correspondence. The subtleties of these correspondence standards are examined underneath: Politeness Principle: When conveying, we should build up a cordial relationship with every individual who sends data to us.
To be inviting and polite is indistinguishable, and politeness requires an insightful and amicable activity against others. Axioms are notable that gracious “pay of graciousness is the main thing to win everything”. Correspondence staff ought to consistently remember this. The accompanying standards may assist with improving courtesy:Preliminary considering correspondence with family All glad families have the mystery of progress. This achievement originates from a strong establishment of closeness and closeness. Indeed, through private correspondence these cozy family connections become all the more intently. Correspondence is the foundation of different affiliations, building solid partners of obedient devotion, improving family way of life, and assisting with accomplishing satisfaction (Gosche, p. 1). In any case, so as to keep up an amicable relationship, a few families experienced tumultuous encounters. Correspondence in the family is an intricate and alluring marvel. Correspondence between families isn’t restricted to single messages between families or verbal correspondence.
It is a unique cycle that oversees force, closeness and limits, cohesiveness and flexibility of route frameworks, and makes pictures, topics, stories, ceremonies, rules, jobs, making implications, making a feeling of family life An intelligent cycle that makes a model. This model has passed ages. Notwithstanding the view as a family and family automatic framework, one of the greatest exploration establishments in between family correspondence centers around a family correspondence model. Family correspondence model (FCP) hypothesis clarifies why families impart in their own specific manner dependent on one another ‘s psychological direction. Early FCP research established in media research is keen on how families handle broad communications data. Family correspondence was perceived as an exceptional scholastic exploration field by the National Communications Association in 1989. Family correspondence researchers were at first impacted by family research, social brain science, and relational hypothesis, before long built up the hypothesis and began research in a family framework zeroed in on a significant job. Until 2001, the primary issue of the Family Communication Research Journal, Family Communication Magazine, was given. Family correspondence is more than the field of correspondence analysts in the family. Examination on family correspondence is normally done by individuals in brain science, humanism, and family research, to give some examples models. However, as the popular family correspondence researcher Leslie Baxter stated, it is the focal point of this intelligent semantic creation measure making the grant of family correspondence special. In the field of in-home correspondence, correspondence is normally not founded on autonomous messages from one sender to one beneficiary, yet dependent on the dynamic interdependency of data shared among families It is conceptualized. The focal point of this methodology is on the shared trait of semantic development inside family frameworks. As such, producing doesn’t happen in vacuum, however it happens in a wide scope of ages and social exchange.
Standards are rules end up being followed when performing work to agree to a given objective. Hierarchical achievement relies significantly upon compelling correspondence. So as to successfully impart, it is important to follow a few standards and rules. Coming up next are rules to guarantee powerful correspondence: clearness: lucidity of data is a significant guideline of correspondence. For beneficiaries to know the message plainly, the messages ought to be sorted out in a basic language. To guarantee that beneficiaries can without much of a stretch comprehend the importance of the message, the sender needs to impart unmistakably and unhesitatingly so the beneficiary can plainly and unquestionably comprehend the data.>
