Biology

Biology

ADVICE/THOUGHTS:
First- some of these only need a few word answers some of these are going to need to be long and very detailed. Please do not provide a lot of extra details on the questions that need only be a few words (such as what is the diagnosis).
Second- the areas indicated by lines are what needs answering but the line is not representative, in most cases, of the length of the answer required.
Third- many of these questions are going to need details drawn from multiple areas of the book, just looking at the little blip on the specific disease will usually not be enough to completely answer many of these questions.
Fourth- remember you must stick to the book and conferencing only. If I feel you have looked up the disease online (and I can tell based on the wording of the book) you will receive an F for this test. Everything I am looking for can be attained in this book.

1. Mr. J is a 52 year old male presenting to the clinic with a 2 week history of increasing dyspnea, exercise intolerance, swelling of the feet and a 6 pound weight gain. On exam he has an irregular heart rate and cardiomegaly. Based on these signs and symptoms what is the best explanation of what is happening to Mr. J: (filling in the blanks below will answer this)
Diagnosis:___________ (I am looking for the overall diagnosis not the irregular heart rate. Realize that the irregular heart rate is contributing to a more extensive disease process). Explain the underlying pathophysiology (what is going wrong at the tissue, organ or cellular level) that is causing the cardiomegaly ________, the dyspnea________, and the weight gain_______ (specifically where is the weight gain coming from- hint it has nothing to do with over eating).
How does the fluid leave the capillaries and why is it not all returning for Mr. J ? ______________

His irregular heart rate is diagnosed as atrial fibrillation. Blood clots are a risk with atrial fibrillation. During his hospital stay he begins having difficulty understanding what his family and health care providers are trying to tell him. Given his new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, what complication might he be starting to develop? ____________ and why? ____________ Tell me where EXACTLY (based on the description of his symptoms) it is occurring. If you have the new diagnosis correct you would know this could occur in different regions, I want a specific location within the organ (as specific as possible) and not the organ in general?__________________.

2. Ms. X is a 68 year old who has smoked 2 packs a day for 40 years (an 80 pack year smoker). She presents to the ER with extensive mucous production, tachypnea, wheezing, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. This is a sign of low oxygen in the blood which is called _________. She is diagnosed with COPD with symptoms of bronchial mucous obstruction (in other words excessive, thick mucus production partially blocking the bronchi and bronchioles) and scaring of the alveoli.
What part(s) of the process of respiration does this interfere with?______________ Explain how it interferes with each part that you identify (leading to her signs and symptoms) _______________. CO2 build up in the blood often occurs as a result of the pathogenic processes described above which leads to one of the signs/symptoms she presents with, which one? ________________. Explain IN DETAIL how increased CO2 causes this symptom.______.

While in the ER, her blood pressure remained about 175/95, what stage of hypertension is she currently? __________
What are some processes in the body that might be contributing to this increased blood pressure (think about normal homeostatic mechanisms that contribute to elevated BP and tell me what might be faltering this will need incorporation of multiple chapters/systems that influence control blood pressure including blood volume) ___________.
The ER doctor tells her that she needs to stop smoking. He reports that on the CXR he could see small fractures in her vertebrae and recommends a bone density testing. What diagnosis is the doctor concerned about? ________________, What are her risk factors for this disease (based on what you know about Ms. X)? _____________ What are some preventative measures the doctor might advise Ms. X in regards to her bone changes? __________

3. Mr. K is a 22 year old male who has been experiencing numbness of his feet which has been causing him to trip occasionally. What condition in general is this (based solely on what he is experiencing here)? ______
Lab work shows autoantibodies. What type of disease category is this? _________ Explain to me how antibodies form (walk me through all the steps please from antigen to antibody formation) ______, what is the antibody function is (in general)_______? He is diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis, what specifically are the autoantibodies attacking? _______.

A few years later he has begins experiencing decreased appetite and early sensation of fullness after eating only part of his meals. He has read that MS can put a person at risk for gastric paresis which slows the motility and emptying time of stomach content. What other gastric disease could this slowing put him at risk for?__________ explain why? ____________.

4. Jenny is a 16 year old gymnast who presents to her doctor with left foot and heal pain. She is told that there is inflammation in her achilles tendon what is her diagnosis ________ .
The doctor notes that her BMI is 16 and asks about her menses. She reports menarche at age 14 (what is menarche? _______) but has not had a menses in 4 months. Based on her examination what specifically in her body is resulting in this lack of menstrual cycle ? I want to know first what specifically is causing it ______________ (hint something about the original detail suggests a specific thing that affects somthing else that helps regulate the menstrual cycle- connect the original information to the product that contributes to the menstrual cycle)
Then I want to see the details of how the answer above negatively affects the menstrual cycle_________________ (I should be able to see your understanding of the connection of the answer above and its entire role in creating a menstrual cycle and how its deficit results in no menses).

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Compelling correspondence is essential to the achievement all things considered but since of the changing idea of the present working environments, successful correspondence turns out to be more troublesome, and because of the numerous impediments that will permit beneficiaries to acknowledge the plan of the sender It is restricted. Misguided judgments.In spite of the fact that correspondence inside the association is rarely completely open, numerous straightforward arrangements can be executed to advance the effect of these hindrances.

Concerning specific contextual analysis, two significant correspondence standards, correspondence channel determination and commotion are self-evident. This course presents the standards of correspondence, the act of general correspondence, and different speculations to all the more likely comprehend the correspondence exchanges experienced in regular daily existence. The standards and practices that you learn in this course give the premise to additionally learning and correspondence.

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This course starts with an outline of the correspondence cycle, the method of reasoning and hypothesis. In resulting modules of the course, we will look at explicit use of relational connections in close to home and expert life. These incorporate relational correspondence, bunch correspondence and dynamic, authoritative correspondence in the work environment or relational correspondence. Rule of Business Communication In request to make correspondence viable, it is important to follow a few rules and standards. Seven of them are fundamental and applicable, and these are clear, finished, brief, obliging, right, thought to be, concrete. These standards are frequently called 7C for business correspondence. The subtleties of these correspondence standards are examined underneath: Politeness Principle: When conveying, we should build up a cordial relationship with every individual who sends data to us.

To be inviting and polite is indistinguishable, and politeness requires an insightful and amicable activity against others. Axioms are notable that gracious “pay of graciousness is the main thing to win everything”. Correspondence staff ought to consistently remember this. The accompanying standards may assist with improving courtesy:Preliminary considering correspondence with family All glad families have the mystery of progress. This achievement originates from a strong establishment of closeness and closeness. Indeed, through private correspondence these cozy family connections become all the more intently. Correspondence is the foundation of different affiliations, building solid partners of obedient devotion, improving family way of life, and assisting with accomplishing satisfaction (Gosche, p. 1). In any case, so as to keep up an amicable relationship, a few families experienced tumultuous encounters. Correspondence in the family is an intricate and alluring marvel. Correspondence between families isn’t restricted to single messages between families or verbal correspondence.

It is a unique cycle that oversees force, closeness and limits, cohesiveness and flexibility of route frameworks, and makes pictures, topics, stories, ceremonies, rules, jobs, making implications, making a feeling of family life An intelligent cycle that makes a model. This model has passed ages. Notwithstanding the view as a family and family automatic framework, one of the greatest exploration establishments in between family correspondence centers around a family correspondence model. Family correspondence model (FCP) hypothesis clarifies why families impart in their own specific manner dependent on one another ‘s psychological direction. Early FCP research established in media research is keen on how families handle broad communications data. Family correspondence was perceived as an exceptional scholastic exploration field by the National Communications Association in 1989. Family correspondence researchers were at first impacted by family research, social brain science, and relational hypothesis, before long built up the hypothesis and began research in a family framework zeroed in on a significant job. Until 2001, the primary issue of the Family Communication Research Journal, Family Communication Magazine, was given. Family correspondence is more than the field of correspondence analysts in the family. Examination on family correspondence is normally done by individuals in brain science, humanism, and family research, to give some examples models. However, as the popular family correspondence researcher Leslie Baxter stated, it is the focal point of this intelligent semantic creation measure making the grant of family correspondence special. In the field of in-home correspondence, correspondence is normally not founded on autonomous messages from one sender to one beneficiary, yet dependent on the dynamic interdependency of data shared among families It is conceptualized. The focal point of this methodology is on the shared trait of semantic development inside family frameworks. As such, producing doesn’t happen in vacuum, however it happens in a wide scope of ages and social exchange.

Standards are rules end up being followed when performing work to agree to a given objective. Hierarchical achievement relies significantly upon compelling correspondence. So as to successfully impart, it is important to follow a few standards and rules. Coming up next are rules to guarantee powerful correspondence: clearness: lucidity of data is a significant guideline of correspondence. For beneficiaries to know the message plainly, the messages ought to be sorted out in a basic language. To guarantee that beneficiaries can without much of a stretch comprehend the importance of the message, the sender needs to impart unmistakably and unhesitatingly so the beneficiary can plainly and unquestionably comprehend the data.>

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