ASSIGNMENTS, Vol. 9, 2015

ASSIGNMENTS, Vol. 9, 2015 Printed in New Zealand. All rights reserved. ISSN 1172-8426 © 2015 College of Sciences, Massey University 1 MASSEY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCES Paper Number and Title: 240.753 Supply Chain System Analysis Assignment Due Date – Refer Course Calendar on the Stream site for the paper Internal & Extramural students – This assignment must be saved as a Word document (pdf’s will not be accepted). You must submit your assignment on Stream. Once submitted the document will automatically be sent to Turnitin.com and the text of the assignment is compared with other material available on the internet. The similarity score indicates the amount (%) of text matching with other materials. For this assignment a 20% (or below) match would be acceptable. Higher than this there may be a case for plagiarism that may need to be investigated further. It is therefore important that you cite references correctly and paraphrase as much as possible. You can get help from the library (details on the template below). To access Stream http://stream.massey.ac.nz; please use your 8 digit Massey Student ID and 4 digit PIN to log into Stream. Your Stream homepage will have the name of this paper. Click on the name to enter the course. If you’re new to Stream click on the “Student Guide to Stream.” ASSIGNMENT 1 Your task is to discover the current academic thinking and research in the area of production systems, which is a vital part of end-to-end supply chains. You must be able to clearly demonstrate that you understand the current research developments in this field. Your report may cover such issues as: • The interface between the market and production (through sales and operation planning, “pull” systems, time-based competition) • The trends in making production systems market led • The trends within Lean Thinking and Theory of Constraints (TOC) philosophies being used to ensure that manufacturing organisations remain competitive in the global market • The overlap of TOC and Lean with Agile • The integration of TOC, Lean and Six Sigma This list is not exhaustive; you do not have to use all of them, they are included for guidance; so if you find other areas that are being focused on please include them. To do this research assignment you must do a review of the literature published since 2007. Your literature search must be mainly focused on academic journal papers, although a few books or articles from internet websites may also be cited (particularly if focused at professional practitioners describing case studies of implementation in industry). Journals such as: Journal of Supply Chain Management, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, European Journal of Operational Research, Journal of Operations Management and the International Journal of Production Economics, could be a good source of research articles. ASSIGNMENTS, Vol. 9, 2015 Printed in New Zealand. All rights reserved. ISSN 1172-8426 © 2015 College of Sciences, Massey University 2 You must present your findings in the form of a fully referenced journal article. You must use the template in APPENDIX 1. The report must be structured as follows: Abstract Introduction Key Findings Discussion Conclusion References (Please use either APA Format for citing bibliographic references) MARKING SCHEME ASSIGNMENT 1 This assignment contributes to the learning and assessment of the following paper learning outcome: 1. Describe how to enhance product flow through a supply chain containing production elements, using Theory of Constraints and Lean Methodologies and demonstrate an understanding of the compatibilities and contradictions Percentage Value – 50 % of Total Paper Mark The following areas will be graded: Variety of literature sources searched & referenced • Quality of Journal papers used • Evidence that a thorough search has been done (expect to cite a minimum of 12 sources) • Literature post 2007 Clarity of topic • Clear definition of topic and its scope • Clear definition of outcomes – i.e. what you are seeking to find out and conclude • Relevance to supply chain analysis Integration of information & critical analysis Abstract • Summarises whole report. Introduction • Is the topic provided with background information and wider context? Key Findings • Are individual sources summarised? • Are sources grouped logically and integrated? • Are key findings logically presented? • Are issues raised current and relevant? Discussion • Includes own opinions and thoughts. • Does report have insight & originality? • Is constructive, critical & own work? • Comments on quality of sources and gaps in information base Conclusion • Targets/draws out the key issues covered in report. ASSIGNMENTS, Vol. 9, 2015 Printed in New Zealand. All rights reserved. ISSN 1172-8426 © 2015 College of Sciences, Massey University 3 Presentation • Report written in own words • Correct citation of references • Grammar, spelling, legibility • Well structured – e.g. Abstract, Introduction, Key findings, Discussion, and Conclusion • 10 page limit (including tables/diagrams) • Follows template in Appendix 1 APPENDIX 1: A TEMPLATE DOCUMENT FOR THE ASSIGNMENT JOURNAL Abstract: This paper describes the use of Microsoft Word® as a template for the ASSIGNMENT journal, published by the College of Sciences at Massey University. In its electronic form this paper also embodies the template. Features of the template are discussed and examples given. An Instructions to Authors section is included to explain aspects of journal paper writing and submission details to student authors. Keywords: Projects, Template 1 INTRODUCTION The ASSIGNMENT’S journal (published by College of Sciences, Massey University) is a forum for the reporting of a literature review by logistics and supply chain students in journal form. The students writing these papers, some of whom may be embarking on careers in research, may have little experience in paper writing and presentation. The form of the ASSIGNMENTS journal has been developed to closely reflect the style of mainstream publications. To publish a professional journal publishing houses develop and maintain a house style consistent for all papers published, typesetting them from submissions made by authors. Obviously this is an expensive undertaking beyond the available time and financial resources of anything but publishing houses. This is true of conferences which publish papers in a proceedings or transactions. Most conferences accept papers camera-ready from the authors and publish them without any more effort than retyping titles and adding page numbers. The authors are given a list of specifications for the various styles that, in some cases, can be very detailed. A better option, given the proliferation of computers and the compatibility of word processors between platforms, is to provide an electronic template which has all the styles etc. and which merely requires that the authors enter their content into it. This last is the approach taken for the ASSIGNMENTS journal and the reason for this template. It represents what is arguably the best method for improving the uniformity and professional image of the ASSIGNMENTS journal. It provides a means of easing the burden of authors who can now concentrate solely on the paper and provides a uniform style for submitted papers that requires a minimum of effort to edit before publication. In the remaining sections of this paper instructions for the submission of papers are given and the individual elements of this template are explained with examples of their use. 2 INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS This section instructs authors in the use of the template, details on submitting papers and general notes on the writing of journal papers. 2.1 USE OF THE TEMPLATE This template document contains definitions for a number of styles for use in the production of this paper and has also been A Template Document for the ASSIGNMENTS Journal 4 given a definite structure. Alterations to the styles and structure of the document should not be necessary and should not be considered. Additionally, care should be taken to prevent accidental changes to either which may cause lost time and wasted effort. It is recommended that a copy be made of this document in which this information can be left intact and which can be used to correct any unintentional changes to styles and structure. Use of the template is compulsory. 2.2 SUBMISSION The deadline for submission of papers is 5pm, on Monday 12th November 2012. Papers must be submitted as an electronic copy of the paper in Microsoft Word® format (no pdf’s will be allowed) and submitted via Stream. An abstract of less than 200 words is required and is included in the total page limit. Papers not exceed TEN (10) pages (three double-sided sheets) including abstract, charts, graphs, diagrams and all other illustrations. 2.3 GENERAL NOTES This section contains some general notes to authors on various areas of paper style and format. Paper Title This should be a one-line title that succinctly states the content of the paper. Abstract This is a summary of the paper content. This is skimmed by readers to ascertain the desirability of reading further. The Abstract should stand alone and not leave the reader in the air. The readership level is that of a Tertiary graduate (polytechnic or university). The closing sentence should be a positive statement of intent, any results and conclusion. Often selection of papers for inclusion in conferences is based on the Abstract. It should therefore be a concise and accurate representation of the paper content and be targeted at the intended audience. The relevance of the paper to the theme or subject content of the conference should be obvious or clearly stated. Paper Content As first-time authors students are advised to obtain copies of journal papers. Perusal of these can quickly provide an idea of the usual preparation structure and style. Some titles are referenced as good examples [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. Authors should not make the mistake of trying to cram too much material into the journal paper. A journal paper presents a single theme which will stand alone and does not contain too much material (or too little) for the ten page limit. Remove material that is only of peripheral interest to the main theme. Remember that the purpose of journal papers is to impart information to readers. Their background is usually technical and/or scientific. The paper should be easy to read and actually assist the reader to understand and assimilate what may be unfamiliar or technically difficult content. Clarity of prose and simplicity of layout are desirable features. Any emphasis in the text should assist the flow of information not impede it. Figures and Tables Figures and tables should be placed in the paper body as close to where they are referenced as possible. If this cannot be done then they may be placed at the back of the paper and clearly referenced. The figures and tables should be clearly and simply captioned. The title and captions should provide enough information so that the informed reader can understand the figure without having to refer back to the text. This becomes critical if they are not placed adjacent to the related text. References These are an important part of any technical or research publication. Sufficient information must be provided to make it easy for readers to check the validity of any quotes or referenced material which the author has noted to support the paper’s content or to lend validity to opinions or arguments stated in the paper. The references must be directly relevant to the paper content and as such may also lead the interested reader to further material to assist their understanding. To find relevant references for this Journal article you can get help from the library http://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/research/ library/help-and-instruction/help-andinstruction_home.cfm Here you will find access to the key journal databases. You can also request an appointment with a librarian to help you search for appropriate literature. You can also find help about academic writing at http://owll.massey.ac.nz/ There are many different reference systems available and the actual system used varies from journal to journal. The system for the ASSIGNMENTS journal is APA style A Template Document for the ASSIGNMENTS Journal 5 referencing. Details about how to do this can be found at http://owll.massey.ac.nz/referencing/apastyle.php 3 HOW TO USE THE TEMPLATE If used properly this template will allow a paper to be written with a minimum of effort and which is completely in accord with the ASSIGNMENTS style. The following paragraphs describe the process. The title and authors are overwritten with those of the paper. As with all such instances where text is overwritten when using the template, only the text of the paragraph is selected and deleted; the paragraph marks should not be deleted. (Paragraph marks contain all the formatting information for the paragraph.) If these are deleted the formatting for the paragraph, and the paragraph style, are removed. The title and authors should also be overwritten in the headers of the second and third pages. Subsequent headers will change automatically. The abstract and keywords are overwritten in the same way as for the title and authors, overwriting only the text. The words 'Abstract:' and 'Keywords:' should be left bold while the rest of the paragraphs are Roman (plain text). The body of the paper is probably best produced by using the 'Outline' mode, laying out the sections and sub-sections of the paper and then filling in the text. All body text paragraphs will be in Normal style and will need to be changed to text style afterward. Figures and tables are best added by copying one of the four different examples in the template document, including its title. They can then be modified by overwriting, pasting new graphics, or adding extra table columns and rows etc. Both double-column figures and tables are placed at the top or bottom of the page using frames. References are included after the last line of the paper. If a section, such as a glossary, is to go after the References section then the reference citations and bodies must be entered manually, i.e. without using the endnote feature of Word. Elements of the Template The individual elements of the template are described here. 3.1 STYLES The bulk of the formatting for the template is stored in various styles. A full list of the styles defined is given in table 2 (previous page). Styles are used in Word to define paragraphs that have common formatting elements. 3.2 TITLE AND AUTHORS The title and author paragraphs that appear on the first page should be overwritten with the Table 2: Template styles Style Section Description abstract Abstract paragraph author List of authors figure 1 & 2 Single- and double-column figures figure title 1 & 2 Single- and double-column figure titles footer Style of page numbers endnote reference Reference citation style end note text Reference body style header First page header style header centred Subsequent page headers heading 1, 2 & 3 Title, section and subsection styles indent Indent for lists etc. invisible One point high line keywords Keywords section style quote Small, double indented paragraph table 1 & 2 Single- and double-column table body table heading 1 & 2 Single- and double-column table column heading table title 1 & 2 Single- and double-column table title text Body text style (All others based on this) A Template Document for the ASSIGNMENTS Journal 6 real title and author names. These should also be overwritten in the headers of the second and third pages of the paper. The list of authors should contain: 1 the student's name The author’s name should use leading initials with spaces between and no full stops, as shown in this paper. 3.3 FIGURES Two types of figure styles have been defined to accommodate both small and large figures. The figure 1 style (see figure 1 right) can be used for figures which can fit into one column of text. This style has been defined as 'in-line' and will appear within the text where you place it (as opposed to the double-column figure described below). Figure 1: The Massey logo as an example of a single column figure. The figure title 1 style is used to title the figure. It should appear directly below the figure. The figure 2 style is used for those figures which are larger than the text column (see figure 2). The figure spans the full two columns. It will appear at the top or bottom of the page rather than in-line with the text. The figure title 2 style is used to title the figure. It should appear directly below the figure. Some of the attributes required to define the double-column figure cannot be incorporated into a Word style but are incorporated into the elements of the figure instead. For this reason a copy of the double-column figure (Figure 2) should be pasted into your paper and the graphic insert replaced by your figure. The figure title should be replaced without deleting the paragraph mark. The figure can be placed at the top or bottom of the page by selecting the figure and its title and changing the 'frame' to vertical top or vertical bottom relative to the margin. 3.4 TABLES Tables are similar to figures in that there are two styles defined, one for a table small enough to fit in one column and one which spans both columns (See Table 2, page 2, for a double-column table and Table 1, right, for a single-column table.) Both types of table have attributes that cannot be incorporated into a Word style and therefore copies of these should be pasted into the paper in the appropriate places. (Note: Both types of table contain an extra row at the bottom to add white space between the table and the following text. Make sure that this is also selected when performing the copy.) Tables may have table columns or rows added or removed from them to suit, however, the following points should be noted; • only insert or remove entire rows or table columns, • insert or remove rows or table columns from the middle of the table only (the first and last rows of the table have borders associated with them) and • after inserting or deleting table columns adjust the table column widths and positions so that the table is centred within the text column or page margins. Both types of table have a number of styles Figure 2: Black body radiation curves at various temperatures as an example of a two-column figure. Eb? ? Peaks move to shorter wavelength with increasing temp Increasing temp A Template Document for the ASSIGNMENTS Journal 7 associated with them. Style names containing the number 1 belong to the single-column table while those containing the number 2 belong to the double-column table. The table 1 and table 2 styles are used in the table body. They are defined as left justified but table columns of figures may be centred if required. Table 1: Single column table Heading Heading Text Text Insert here Insert here Text Text The table1 heading and table 2 heading styles are used for the column headings in the table. They are slightly larger than the table body text. The table 1 title and table 2 title styles are used for the titles of the table that will appear above the table. The double-column table can be placed at the top or bottom of the page by selecting the table and its title and changing the 'frame' to vertical top or vertical bottom relative to the margin. 3.5 REFERENCES The best method of implementing references is to use the endnote feature of Microsoft Word. When this is done the citation of the reference in the text will be in endnote reference style. Word will place the reference body in the References section at the very end of the document. The last line of the paper contains the References section heading which therefore precedes the references. An example of a journal article: Castles, F. G., Curtin, J. C., & Vowles, J. (2006). Public policy in Australia and New Zealand: The new global context. Australian Journal of Political Science, 41(2), 131–143. An example of a paper published in conference proceedings: Bowker, N., & Tuffin, K. (2002). Users with disabilities' social and economic development through online access. In M. Boumedine (Ed.), Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Information and Knowledge Sharing (pp. 122–127). Anaheim, CA: ACTA Press A Template Document for the ASSIGNMENTS Journal 8